Categories
Politics Technology

How to contact Kim Howells and tell him what a plonker he's been…

Thanks to Matthew Davis, George Wright and Tim Duckett for writing in with various e-mail addresses for Dr Kim Howells, the Minister for Culture who so resolutely confused music piracy online with drug-dealing and prostitution and in the process declared that Robbie Williams supported international gangs and terrorism. If you wish to have a go at explaining to the gentleman in question exactly where his logic went wrong, his address is kim.howells@culture.gov.uk. Here’s my e-mail. Try as I might, I couldn’t stop myself sounding smug and superior…

Dear Doctor Howells,
     I was disappointed to notice that you recently conflated internet piracy of music (as ‘advocated’ by Robbie Williams) with the selling of fake CDs, videos and tapes. They are – as I’m sure you’ve now been informed thousands of times – completely different issues. The most significant difference is that not even record companies have found any ways yet to sell music online and make money out of it – which is clearly untrue about physical media. That criminals could have exploited this non-market as a way of laundering their profits is at best unlikely and at worst ridiculous.
     The kind of piracy that Mr Williams was talking about is conducted by members of the public putting songs online (either through peer to peer technologies or simply on the web) for other members of the public to download. While this is clearly a morally questionable act that’s been debated in the press over and over again, there doesn’t appear to be any way to make any money out of it whatsoever. This fact is known to the many millions of Britons who have used applications like Napster to download music.
     That the government I voted for could be quite so clueless about things like this – particularly in the area of culture where intellectual property issues, copyright and digital distribution are huge emerging issues – is frankly terrifying to me! Perhaps you should find some way of keeping yourself informed about such matters before standing up and making a fool of yourself (and by association me for voting for you).
     Yours faithfully,
     Tom Coates
     http://www.plasticbag.org

Categories
Personal Publishing Politics

Why are there less overtly political left-wing or centrist weblogs?

Are there less left-wing or centrist political weblogs than right-wing weblogs? And if so… Why? It’s a sentiment I’ve heard a lot in recent months, particularly in relation to the warblogging phenomenon. If it is true, I have some theories as to why it might be the case – but I have little or no evidence to back them up with. And without evidence I have to accept the possibility that a substantial block of personal presumption and prejudice may be behind them too.

One of my theories would be to do with the inherent lack of absolutism and black-and-white ideology in liberal (in the British sense), centrist and left-wing thinking – particularly after most hard-line socialist and communist projects have tended towards failure. I would suggest that a suspicion of one-on-one narratives of cause and effect and a general belief in some kind of cultural relativism makes it very difficult to produce rhetoric of a kind that is most suited to weblog writing (or for that matter political-rally-style speeches). I’d say also that many right-wing weblogs are more than comfortable with the so-called realpolitik approach to politics and the world which looks towards (above everything else) the preservation of friends and family and a certain way of life. Real-politikal approaches never pretend to be considering all the possibilities or possible ramifications of their approaches, generally because (the argument goes, and it’s relatively convincing) the more nuanced and sensitive a policy is, the more it is crippled from accomplishing its stated aim. The Christian right could be seen as an extreme example of this kind of move towards simplicity (rather than pragmatism). For some hardline individuals on a great number of issues there simply is no room for debate or a multiplicity of opinion at all. Could this be one reason why weblogs – with their short, punchy and easily-digestable blocks of rhetoric have been ideally suited to right-wing arguments?

Another argument is purely historical. After the attacks on the World Trade Center, I think it’s fair to say that fear and aggression towards foreigners and some ethnic minorities probably increased in America. I say this only because of the reactions of some of the people who were there at the time and some of the subsequent reports – the Canadian whos parents were Iraqi who was deported from the States to Iraq, the Indian friend of mine who experienced harrassment, the weblogger whose ethnicity was continually in question. If (understandably) the disaster moved popular sentiment to the right (which it seemed to) and if at the same time the disaster was one of the things that pulled people towards weblogging, then it’s hardly surprising that weblog-space suddenly lurched heavily towards the right.

Why this hasn’t self-corrected over time is a more complicated matter, but I can say from personal experience that the sheer number and moral certainty of current right-wing webloggers is intimidating (occasionally terrifying). This in itself would not be a reason to avoid debate, except that (as is often the case with most organisations and affiliations of people) some of its more extreme members are not only vocal (as they should be), but are aggressive and quite prepared to demonise those that don’t disagree with them. I know several people who talked about politics only to find themselves targetted by these people and who now avoid the whole debate.

So is the reason for the lack of left-wing weblogs due to intimidation by the right, is it just a function of recent history or is it simply because those on the left find the medium too narrow for the politics they’d wish to discuss? Or are there other reasons? I’m interested in anyone’s opinions of this matter, so if you post something about it please don’t forget to let me know about it.

Categories
Politics Radio & Music

Where's the urge to change the world gone? Where's the idealism? Where's the naîvety?

Over my life I’ve found myself motivated by music more than almost anything else. That push that the right song can give you more often than not is the thing that shoves my mood or sensibility forward. It’s a spiritual kick up the arse. It’s music as mood-enhancer – music as engine for mental change and transformation.

At the moment, I look around and I see a lot of routine. A lot of people doing a lot of things that they’ve done before. A lot of people (myself included) travelling around and around like a needle in a record. The opportunities to jump out of this routine seem only to be skips between tracks, silences before the next song starts. They’re not enough. Does a life change itself by going on holiday? Does a person become a better person by taking a break? Maybe the thing to do instead is to keep forcing yourself back to your work – even the work that we seem to skip over or fall exhausted from. Perhaps especially that work. Maybe the work that we do – that we do for ourselves or for the things that we believe in – is the life-transformative thing. Particularly when you don’t have a partner to get in the way. Particularly when it’s unlikely that you’re going to have a child.

It’s a weird conversation for a Friday night, and it’s inspired by something even weirder. It’s inspired by a kind of semantic implosion and a confluence of pop-culture imagery. It’s inspired by the monotony of yet another year of BBC’s Children In Need Telethon. It’s inspired by the upcoming appearance of the people from Fame Academy on that telethon – people with actual talent and ability whose aspirations and dreams are being turned into marketable products (isn’t that worse in a way – that it’s not their talent that’s for our consumption – that it’s their hopes?). And it’s inspired above all by listening to – for the first time in ten years – a bone fide musical relic of the early 1990s – Tears for Fears’ Sowing the Seeds of Love.

Bear with me, because this is a serious post about a vaguely dumb song. And I think it’s important. This trivial anthem – this vaguely silly, backwards-looking, cod-Beatles anthem – matters to me now in a way it didn’t at the time. It’s a song about action – liberal action – designed to be an way of energising people who want the world to be something to be proud of. It’s a call to examine your morals, your interests, your creativity. And while it’s utterly lacking in muso credibility, it does something that most liberal heart-felt songs don’t do – it points towards the possibilities of a better future rather than wallowing in the problems of the present. It’s trivial because it’s idealistic. But it’s brilliant for that reason to. Or maybe not brilliant – maybe it’s just nice that it exists…

Hear the line: High time we made a stand and shook up the views of the common man. It sounds patronising, but in my heart I have to accept I believe it. If you’re a worried man – then shout about it. Open hearts – feel about it. Open minds – think about it. Everyone – read about it. Everyone – scream about it ! I believe that too. [More lyrics]

The band that wrote the song basically split as a result of writing it. It was too intense, too committed a process to be an easy ride. The man who cared most about making it clean and pure – even if it was saturated in spritzes of pop imagery- had to care too much about the song if it was ever going to be finished to his satisfaction – if it was going to be a something worthwhile. Something not “for sale”. And whether you think the final result was crap or not, it was not routine – it was inspired by genuine feeling, a sense of need, of aspiration and of almost fanatically hard work… I wonder to myself – do we need someone now – whether in the micro-culture of weblogging, or in the greater creative world, or even in centre-left politics, to put that work in? I’m beginning to think so. We need a new ethic of creativity – or a return maybe to an ethic of transformative creative responsibility. And maybe that can start with the creative individualism of webloggia.

I’m going to end this rather epic post about trivial music, responsibility and the ethics of creativity by talking about another song – and pointing towards a kind of approach to our creative endeavours that has the capacity to break us out of our routine and our creative ruts – to help reinvigorate us all politically and productively. It’s called “Emile” by Pressure of Speech. It’s not a pop-song. It wasn’t released as a single. Instead it’s a bit of an odd little piece of music with some reading over the top of it by a man callled Emile de Antonio from a documentary about his life called Mr Hoover & I. It’s got some stunning phrases in it about creativity and responsibility – insights that I think apply to all aspects of our lives, but are perhaps particularly potent when looking at weblogs:

Perhaps the only thing that’s worthwhile is to make something that isn’t really for sale, except on your own terms – which is “I made it. It’s true. If you don’t like it, to hell with you. I want you to like it, or I’d be crazy, but I’d rather be crazy than have you like it because it was false – because it was what you wanted from me instead of what I wanted…”

Categories
Location Politics Social Software

In which I respond to a huge post about social software with a huge post about social software…

Must-read interaction/community techblog of the moment is City of Sound, a site that I found initially via the Slipknot be-hoodied Matt Jones. Our two otherwise independent vectors of interest have recently collided quite heavily around MP3s, list-making and social software, with – I think – some quite interesting results. Our latest interaction is around the issue of social capital – which is a current hot topic of debate around government and online community circles, and which I’ve been working on (in a kind of weirdly indirect way) on UpMyStreet Conversations. Dan (the author) has taken me to task quite reasonably about this statement that I made recently:

“(P)eople in cities are talking less and less to one another. In fact most of us barely communicate with our neighbours at all. And the vast majority of the social spaces that we all used to share have been dismantled or evaporated. So how can we expect communities self-organise? And how are they expected to join together politically? How can they protest about problems where they live?”

In Dan’s response he suggests that technology has already started to rebuild these communities of geography and that I was being over-dramatic to talk about all communication in cities being in a process of freefall decline. He is of course, completely right – and I have gone into astonishingly dreary detail over on his site in response. In fact when I clicked ‘submit’ it occurred to me that I’d written so much that it might have made a better post on plasticbag.org – so I’m going to append it below in full. Forgive any typos or bad grammar – I’ll have a second look at it tomorrow and fix the most obviously horrific mistakes…

Actually you’re completely right, but I think if we look at these things in terms of their recent history alone we might lose some perspective. I’m going to go for a bit of a trip on a hypothesis-rocket now, so please bear with me if it seems based on completely anecdotal and speculative evidence – I’m about to read Putnam’s “Bowling Alone” about the decline in social capital in the States. Maybe that that point I’ll be in a better position to talk about this stuff…

At this thing on social capital and social software that I went to the other day with Matt Webb from Interconnected.org people were talking about this decline in interactions in cities and urban spaces. People were debating the reasons for it, the connections between take up of “virtual online communities” and “interest communities” and the like – and some were in fact debating the existence of such a decline.

I’m going to contend that there has been such a decline in interactions and the extent to which we know our neighbours, but I’m going to argue that this isn’t an effect of technology like the internet – it’s an effect instead of technologies like television, technologies like the car and having a more mobile work-force. I’m also going to argue that it has something to do with population density and the impermanence of habitation for some people. So essentially I’m pushing this decline back over the last hundred years or so, rather than the last ten years. And I wouldn’t want to argue that everyone has experienced it either – I grew up in a village in the countryside where everyone knows everyone. So it’s not universal. But I think certainly in urban spaces it is a very real fact…

From what you’ve written above, it looks like my statements have been interpreted to mean that I think such a social decline is an inevitable effect of the technologies we’ve been using and that UpMyStreet Conversations represents (finally) a solution. But actually that’s miles from what I think. What I would argue is that rather than exacerbating the social decline, the internet (unlike many one-to-one communication technology) has finally started to reform the social fabric – to bring back communication between people on the basis of interest groups (and what could be a greater interest group than people interested in the area in which they live – now available to people without the social danger and anxiety of actual and immediate physical interaction). In fact I think I’d argue that the take up of this technology – of the community stuff of the internet – reflects a gap in our lives – a need for it – that previous decay in social capital has created.

In a nutshell… Social interactions based on neighbourhood have been deteriorating for decades – particularly in highly transitory urban areas. New technologies have connected us with huger, but more distributed interest communities, and have recently begun to facilitate and enhance those limited local geographical interactions that we still have left. And there is now a tremendous human need left unfulfilled that we can now meet. And UMS Conversations is one way for us to help do that… I think..

Categories
Net Culture Personal Publishing Politics

On the responsibility of linkage…

Ok. Right. This is where things start to get interesting. Firstly, a metaphor. Imagine if you will a solar system – let’s make it a binary system with planets that fly around it. Watch the suns move around one another. Watch the planets move around the suns. Watch the moons move around the planets. Watch their stable arcs cascading around one another. The reason they do this? We all know the answer – the various entities have an influence on one another that we call gravity… This influence, exerted by each and every participant in this system, is what keeps the system stable. If the gravity was dramatically lower, the celestial bodies would fly off from one another into deep space. If the gravity was dramatically higher, the celestial bodies would collapse in on themselves, forming one body – a symbolic monolith…

Let’s move in a different direction for a moment. Must we as liberal individuals believe in a world that gives each and every opinion equal weight. Are all views equally “valid”, “worthwhile”, “right”? And where does this leave us when we vehemently disagree with the tactics that people promoting these views start to use? And where do we end up when the views we must consider “valid” are precisely those views which don’t believe other views to be “valid”, “worthwhile”, “right” and are prepared to say so, and/or do something about it.

This last assertion is one of the simplest paradoxes of liberalism. But it’s not a model worth operating with. And here’s where the solar system comes in. Because a world in which we – as individuals or groups – are unable to extert any kind of pressure on anyone else for doing what we believe to be wrong resembles a solar system without gravity – an immediate explosion occurs, critical divergence, utter lack of stability. And a world in which we – as individuals or groups – are able to extert total pressure on anyone else for doing what we believe to be wrong resembles a solar system with absolute gravity – an immediate imposion occurs, monolithic thinking, totalitarianist repression, totally lack of motion, inertia, death.

The weblog space is a space that bends under the pressure of traffic and influence. But mostly it bends under the strength of reputation (earned by “good work” or unearned by association and / or tacit sanctioning by those who have done “good work”). And I now believe that as an individual operating responsibly in this sphere, I have to be aware of any and all potential abilities I have to legitimately (ie. without lying, cheating or unfairly manipulating the situation in any way) exert whatsoever influence I might have in order to stop what I perceive to be morally wrong, corrupt politics, cheap argument and potentially warmongering. (And yes – if you’re beginning to catch on – I am again talking about warbloggers). I think I’ve come up with something that I believe to be appropriate action in these circumstances, and it’s to do with the responsibilities of being linked to

At the moment one very specific site is in my mind. This site, which I will not link to, links to a considerable number of intelligent and interesting people. Many of whom don’t share the politics or attitude of the man in question. Each one of these people is in a situation to act in such a way that would demonstrate their profound disagreement with those views simply by dint of their link being on his page. What I’m suggesting is that there is a power that comes with being linked to – and it’s a power that one should not only be aware of, but should feel the responsibility to employ – whether by sending a simple e-mail askind the link to be removed (“I do not wish to be associated with the bile-ridden drivel on your site”), or more proactively and campaigningly by using an .htaccess file or something similar to serve up a page which declares that you refuse to be associated with the views of the person whose site you’ve just left.

It’s not a lot, I know, but it’s the first thing that I can think of that actually represents some kind of weblogging ‘direct action’ – some kind of (almost negligible at the individual scale) gravitational influence that can be exerted by a site to act in such a way that it makes itself known as protesting without driving additional traffic to the thing they’re protesting about… And the best thing about it is that it’s entirely non-violent, non-flaming, non-confrontational. It’s a kind of passive politics – refusal to participate – refusal to allow yourself to be referenced – a bizarre kind of work-to-rule… The power of the inbound link should not be ignored…

PS. To clarify, maybe I can give a couple of examples… Let’s say a site links to yours that is homophobic – not a specific link to a specific page, but rather a general blog-rolling style link. To mention that site – to link to it – will promote their agenda, give them more page impressions, more people reading the crap they write. So what you could do instead is use an .htaccess file to shunt them through to a site that debunks myths about being gay.

Follow-ups:

Categories
Personal Publishing Politics

On the horror of warblogging…

This is a difficult post to write. It’s difficult because I’ve avoided writing it for far too long. It’s difficult because it forces me to face some things that I’ve tried to pretend weren’t happening. And it’s difficult because it undermines my faith in humanity and forces me to give up some of the illusions that I’ve desperately operated under for several years now.

About one year, one month and two weeks ago, the World Trade Center in New York was destroyed. All around the world, people looked on with horror at what was occurring. And before all the recriminations started, before the rhetoric became overwhelming, before the civil liberties were eroding, and before dissent became unpatriotic, there was this bizarre moment of pause, of stunned silence. And in that moment, there was a remarkable unity of feeling and purpose around the world. It was only when we all opened our mouths again that everything went to hell.

It was in this moment of shock that webloggers first started broadcasting their tiny, newly-vulnerable voices into blogspace. Some talked of their experiences of being in New York or of the feeling of vulnerability that all Americans suddenly felt – a vulnerability they’d never felt before. Some responded with exclamations of disbelief or anguish. But I think a large number couldn’t say anything at all – how could one say anything valuable in these moments.

Most of the people I know in the UK who ran weblogs didn’t know what to say or do. There was nothing that could be expressed that would be useful – nothing that could be done but sympathise from a distance. Many of us felt utterly powerless and yet desperate to do something. We came up with a project at the time that I think did some good. But then it’s really impossible to tell.

In most of this stuff, most of us tried to be impartial, non-confrontational and politically of a space that wouldn’t offend people who had just lost friends and family. That was the most important thing in the immediate aftermath – the orphaned, the widowed, the bereaved. As it should have been. Not political point-scoring or the use of those deaths as justification for military action. No flag-waving or advocating of interest groups that needed a say.

It would be months later before I would become aware of the phenomenon of the warblogger – months where information had filtered out gradually, where stances had calcified and battle-lines were beginning to be drawn. I started to notice politically radical statements appearing with semi-regularity on some people’s sites – and entirely new sites appearing out of nowhere advocating extreme universalising positions of every kind – evil muslims, the hypocrisy of Europe, the righteous thunder of America…

To my shame, only once did I make any kind of stand. I sent an e-mail to Stephen Den Beste about (what I considered to be) his overblown anti-European rhetoric – and he responded. I got a fair amount of short-term fallout in the form of highly unpleasant e-mails and comments posted on people’s sites. And I think at the time I decided that several things should stop me continuing with any kind of debate on these issues in public. Some of these I think are still valid, some of which I now think I could characterise as cowardice or laziness, nothing more…

The fact is I believed warblogging in its most hawkish, blood-hungry mode to be the short-lived rantings of extremists – and not representative of American online communities or weblogging communities in general. And because of this, I’ve got on with talking about the things that I personally find manageable or stimulating, and have kept far away from discussion of wars in Iraq, or bombings in Afghanistan, or racist violence in Europe and America, or the way all these events have been cynically used for party political ends, or the way in which state-sanctioned warfare is being transformed into a continuous enterprise just as civil liberties in all areas are being slowly limited. I haven’t said a word about the level of irony I felt when it became clear that Hollywood’s grasp on file-sharing technology meant more to most people than the fact that people were being held illegally across the world.

I’ve kept my mouth shut through all of this stuff. And I’ll probably continue to keep it shut, to be honest. But I needed an outburst today because of the stuff that I’ve been forced to come into contact with recently – the verbal attacks against Anil Dash for example – appal me beyond measure. I feel actual physical sickness at sites declaring whole religions to be at fault for the actions of tiny groups of often pooly-educated poor extremists. And this is the tiniest tip of the ice-berg.

I don’t know how to say it in any other way except to say that as an episode in web history, I personally believe that Warblogging has been shameful, horrific and a stain on us all. The escalation of warblogs is a disaster for development of personal publishing, and a crippling blow to the individual integrity and worth of weblogs and weblogging. This whole media – a media which was supposed to be about freedom of expression, allowing everyone to have a voice and a space to talk openly and honestly – has turned increasingly into the worst kind of soapbox punditry, witch-hunting and as a platform for violent warmongers and nationalists. And I’m afraid I feel partly responsible…

Categories
Academia Gay Politics History Politics

A piece of writing from a book about Baudrillard pertaining specifically to Nietszche and history…

I’ve been re-reading a little book on Baudrillard because it’s the only thing that fits in the pocket of my brand new coat (excessive money spent – we’ll say no more about this). In it I’ve stumbled upon a section about Baudrillard’s relationship to history and his debt to Nietszche that really appeals to me. It goes like this:

Friedrich Nietzsche, in his Unfashionable Observations of 1874, criticised historical inquiry in his time for making the present look just like another episode, and the creative acts of individuals humble by comparison. It burdened individuals with more knowledge than they could absorb; it encouraged a resigned relativism because change implied that the present was unimportant; and it generated irony and cynicism because it engendered a sense of late arrival…”

When I was doing my doctorate I got really excited by a passage in Forster’s Maurice – it’s a fairly iconic passage used in a lot of scholarship in a fairly throwaway fashion. In it, the character of Dr Cornwallis, teaching young undergraduate men (including our hero) says of a piece of translation that they are about to undertake, “Omit: a reference to the unspeakable vice of the Greeks”. I remember thinking this was extraordinarily radical considering how we now approach history. Current academic practice is one of dislocation – people in the past were nothing like us. They are incomprehensible to us by the standards that we generally operate by, and we have to hygenically and distantly analyse their behaviour with none of the emotional outbursts and resonances that we might use to examine contemporary matters.

This is considered true in basic historicist approaches, but even more true in historicist approaches to literature, where the assumption seems to be that one of the implicit acts of criticism is some kind of model-making of the minds of the audience (or author) of a work. Only by understanding the people do you understand the work. Personally I always thought this was a highly dubious intellectual move – particularly when undertaken in an absolutist fashion. Too many questions emerge from this kind of behaviour: Whose is the mind? Who does it represent? What about divergent readings from the period? Does it idealise a particular kind of reading or intepretation? Is the mind that we use to understand the text simply itself generated by us from the text itself?

Similarly there are problems with a complete lack of historicism, of course. It would be delightful to think that one could try and force a modern mind through a text without any historical information whatsoever, in such a way that they were encouraged to think about the text purely in terms of contemporary society – but it’s simply not possible. The mind constructs a fictional world as it reads – it contextualises, it tries to fit disparate and apparently nonsensical elements together. The practice of reading a work removed from historical context is simply an exercise in the conceptual reconstruction of that period. And this is never more true when you’re thinking about texts in other languages, where even basic comprehension the text requires a reconstructive leap.

So why is the statement in Maurice so challenging? Because it amounts to a statement that texts from outwith your cultural frame of reference aren’t just there to be examined analytically and distantly, nor even merely to undermine your assumptions of ‘normality’ and push you towards total moral relativity. Instead they can have very real and potent social and political effects. They are inevitably political, weapons / devices with no function other than to stimulate, entertain and use in argument and discussion to forward a case, a goal, a political end…

Categories
Politics

There is no European viewpoint…

There’s a hell of a lot of simmering resentment pouring out of America at the moment towards Europe and Europeans. Large portions of the right-wing media are full of it, but it’s not only there. There seems to be resentment about the temerity of ‘Europeans’ to dare to comment on US politics or US foreign policy. I’m not going to comment on any of those things except to say that this idea of a one-nation Europe which shares an ideological position is complete bunk. Scandinavia have some of the most highly taxed and yet progressively left-wing politics in the world. Some European countries are incredibly poor comparatively. Some seem naturally right-wing, some left-wing. Many wounds still exist from hundreds and hundreds of years of co-existence. My mother still refers to the French as ‘our natural enemy’ (however much I beg her to stop). All the national stereotypes still exist. All the old enmities and alliances remain. All the individual national prides and ways of doing things – all the different senses of what is ‘naturally right’ as well. Referring to ‘Europeans’ as an unqualified mass is like referring to ‘Americans’ in the true sense – and intimating that the USA, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and all the other Central and South American states share a clear and unified view of what their continents should be moving towards. The difference is that Europe is gradually moving together, as the Americas move apart… For good or ill, only time can tell…

Categories
Politics

Do you love America?

The answer to the question Do you love America? is clear. The answer is that America is a myth that many (but not all) free countries aspire to. The USA itself aspires to be America. But it isn’t there yet. So yes, I think I love America. But the USA has a way to go yet… And questioning the USA and making sure that decisions are made democratically and in a fair and equitable manner is a way of aspiring to “America” not a subversive attempt to undermine it.

Categories
Politics

The Problem of Happiness…

In my mind at the moment is the following quote from Brave New World, combined with my refreshed memory of temp slavery and the realisation that business news is full of conversations about unhappiness at work, frustration and stress and the medical profession is still pumping the population full of anti-depressants.

“The most important Manhattan Projects of the future will be vast
government-sponsored inquiries into what the politicians and the
participating scientists will call ‘the problem of happiness’ – in other
words, the problem of making people love their servitude. Without economic
security, the love of servitude cannot possibly come into existence; for the
sake of brevity, I will assume that the all-powerful executive and its
managers will succeed in solving the problem of permanent security. But
security tends very quickly to be taken for granted. Its achievement is
merely a superficial, external revolution. The love of servitude cannot be
established except as the result of a deep, personal revolution in human
minds and hearts.” [Aldous Huxley]

His ‘suggestions’?
1) The development of suggestion, through drugs and conditioning.
2) A science of determining which people should be doing what and in
what part of the social and economic hierarchy.
3) Something ‘less harmful’ and ‘more pleasure-giving’ than gin or
heroin.
4) A foolproof system of eugenics, designed to standardize the human
product and so to facillitate the task of the managers.